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Bugku CTF - 源代碼 writeup (zh-TW)

Bugku CTF - 源代碼 writeup (zh-TW)

題目資訊

解題過程

Step 1: 發現混淆的 JavaScript

查看網頁原始碼,發現一段被 URL 編碼的 JavaScript:

<script>
var p1 = '%66%75%6e%63%74%69%6f%6e%20%63%68%65%63%6b%53%75%62%6d%69%74%28%29%7b%76%61%72%20%61%3d%64%6f%63%75%6d%65%6e%74%2e%67%65%74%45%6c%65%6d%65%6e%74%42%79%49%64%28%22%70%61%73%73%77%6f%72%64%22%29%3b%69%66%28%22%75%6e%64%65%66%69%6e%65%64%22%21%3d%74%79%70%65%6f%66%20%61%29%7b%69%66%28%22%36%37%64%37%30%39%62%32%62';
var p2 = '%61%61%36%34%38%63%66%36%65%38%37%61%37%31%31%34%66%31%22%3d%3d%61%2e%76%61%6c%75%65%29%72%65%74%75%72%6e%21%30%3b%61%6c%65%72%74%28%22%45%72%72%6f%72%22%29%3b%61%2e%66%6f%63%75%73%28%29%3b%72%65%74%75%72%6e%21%31%7d%7d%64%6f%63%75%6d%65%6e%74%2e%67%65%74%45%6c%65%6d%65%6e%74%42%79%49%64%28%22%6c%65%76%65%6c%51%75%65%73%74%22%29%2e%6f%6e%73%75%62%6d%69%74%3d%63%68%65%63%6b%53%75%62%6d%69%74%3b';
eval(unescape(p1) + unescape('%35%34%61%61%32' + p2));
</script>

🔍 關鍵發現

  • 代碼被分成三段:p1、中間段('%35%34%61%61%32')、p2
  • 使用 unescape() 解碼後再用 eval() 執行

Step 2: 識別編碼類型

URL 編碼特徵:

%66%75%6e%63... 
 ^^
 百分號 + 兩位十六進制數字

這是標準的 URL 編碼(也叫 Percent Encoding)。

Step 3: 解碼 JavaScript

方法 1: 使用瀏覽器控制台

// 在瀏覽器控制台執行
var p1 = '%66%75%6e%63%74%69%6f%6e%20%63%68%65%63%6b%53%75%62%6d%69%74%28%29%7b%76%61%72%20%61%3d%64%6f%63%75%6d%65%6e%74%2e%67%65%74%45%6c%65%6d%65%6e%74%42%79%49%64%28%22%70%61%73%73%77%6f%72%64%22%29%3b%69%66%28%22%75%6e%64%65%66%69%6e%65%64%22%21%3d%74%79%70%65%6f%66%20%61%29%7b%69%66%28%22%36%37%64%37%30%39%62%32%62';
var p2 = '%61%61%36%34%38%63%66%36%65%38%37%61%37%31%31%34%66%31%22%3d%3d%61%2e%76%61%6c%75%65%29%72%65%74%75%72%6e%21%30%3b%61%6c%65%72%74%28%22%45%72%72%6f%72%22%29%3b%61%2e%66%6f%63%75%73%28%29%3b%72%65%74%75%72%6e%21%31%7d%7d%64%6f%63%75%6d%65%6e%74%2e%67%65%74%45%6c%65%6d%65%6e%74%42%79%49%64%28%22%6c%65%76%65%6c%51%75%65%73%74%22%29%2e%6f%6e%73%75%62%6d%69%74%3d%63%68%65%63%6b%53%75%62%6d%69%74%3b';

console.log(unescape(p1));
console.log(unescape('%35%34%61%61%32'));
console.log(unescape(p2));

// 或直接拼接
console.log(unescape(p1) + unescape('%35%34%61%61%32' + p2));

方法 2: 線上工具

  • https://www.urldecoder.org/
  • https://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/dencoder/
編碼解碼工具
輸入文本 🔒 編碼 🔓 解碼 Base64 Base32 URL Binary Hexadecimal Binary-Coded Decimal ROT13 ROT47 Morse Code Leetspeak 輸出結果 📋 複製結果 🔄 交換輸入輸出 🗑️ 清空全部

Step 4: 分析解碼後的代碼

解碼後得到:

function checkSubmit(){
    var a=document.getElementById("password");
    if("undefined"!=typeof a){
        if("67d709b2b54aa2aa648cf6e87a7114f1"==a.value)
            return!0;
        alert("Error");
        a.focus();
        return!1
    }
}
document.getElementById("levelQuest").onsubmit=checkSubmit;

🎯 關鍵發現:密碼是 67d709b2b54aa2aa648cf6e87a7114f1

Step 5: 提交答案

在密碼欄位輸入破解出的明文密碼,點擊提交。

🎉 成功獲得 Flag!

學習重點

1. URL 編碼識別

編碼格式

%XX - XX 是兩位十六進制數字

常見字符對照

%20 = 空格 (space)
%22 = " (雙引號)
%3D = = (等號)
%7B = { (左大括號)
%7D = } (右大括號)

解碼方法

// JavaScript
unescape('%66%75%6e%63')     // 舊方法
decodeURIComponent('%66%75%6e%63')  // 新方法(推薦)

2. JavaScript 混淆技術

常見混淆類型

JSFuck

[][(![]+[])[+[]]+...]+...

Base64 編碼

eval(atob('ZnVuYw=='))

十六進制編碼

eval('\x66\x75\x6e\x63')

Packer 混淆

eval(function(p,a,c,k,e,d){...}('...',60,60,'...'))

URL 編碼(本題)

eval(unescape('%66%75%6e%63...'))

解混淆策略

  • 不要執行 eval(),改用 console.log() 查看內容
  • 逐層解碼,不要一次全解
  • 使用線上工具輔助